Manual testing is a type of software testing where a human tester manually executes test cases without the use of automated tools. In this process, a tester uses a test plan or test case document to validate whether the software meets the specified requirements or not. Manual testing can involve various types of testing, such as functional testing, usability testing, performance testing, security testing, and more. .

Manual testing requires a tester to follow a series of steps or instructions to simulate how the end-user would interact with the software. The tester then observes the behavior of the system, records any errors or defects, and reports them back to the development team for further analysis and improvement. Although manual testing is time-consuming, it is still an essential part of the testing process and is used to validate software quality before release.